This study explores how cloud computing influences operational efficiency and cost performance in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) compared to traditional IT systems. Under the digital transformation, SMEs face increasing pressure to improve flexibility and efficiency, reduce costs, and respond quickly to market changes. Though revisit academic journals, industry reports, and case studies from 2013 to 2025 in a systematic way. According to the research, cloud computing can significantly lower investments during the early stage and costs of continuous maintenance while promoting scalability, operational agility, and collaboration. It also shows improved data analysis, product development, and market responsiveness. Case studies about Marais USA and SMEs in Kampala show that the benefits of cloud adoption mainly depend on technological standard, strategic countermeasure, and regional infrastructure, with noticeable differences between developed and developing areas. However, there are still a lot of risks that need to be taken seriously. Not only data security and privacy remain major points, but system reliability and cross-platform interoperability also cause technical risks and skills gaps and financial investment also limit SMEs' ability to fully utilize cloud technologies. Although emerging approaches such as edge-cloud computing paradigm, multi-cloud strategies, and green generative AI show opportunities to enhance efficiency, resilience, and sustainability, but still require careful implementation and adequate technical capacity. Ultimately, cloud computing can provide substantial benefits to SMEs in cost reduction and flexibility of operations. The proof is that cloud computing is more significant to enhance the operation of SMEs than the traditional IT system although there are differences on its impact based on enterprise size, region and digitally degree. SMEs must take a strategic and professional view of the use of cloud computing potential realization if they are to play to their full, with the support of policy and technological progress.

The frequency of mobile terminal consumer credit usage has significantly increased, but some users exhibit signs of over-indebtedness or failure to fully recognize hidden costs. According to behavioral finance, it particularly focuses on two psychological aspects: people's fear of losing money and their susceptibility to the first number they see. For instance, borrowing apps like Huabei and Weilidai examine how they exploit these psychological tendencies to encourage users to borrow more, while also evaluating whether such practices comply with regulations. Research reveals: Huabei claims interest-free borrowing, while Weilidai breaks down monthly repayments into smaller amounts without clearly stating the total interest, effectively enticing users to borrow more—an approach that lacks regulatory compliance and deviates from the well-intentioned goal of making borrowing more accessible. Finally, recommendations are provided for borrowers, app developers, and regulatory agencies to enhance the reliability of mobile lending. The recommendations emphasize enhancing users' financial risk awareness, improving platform compliance and ethical responsibility, and strengthening regulatory supervision to prevent irrational borrowing and ensure responsible consumer credit practices.

This research was completed collaboratively by the three authors, aiming to systematically assess the development status and industry differentiation characteristics of Chinese enterprises in the field of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), and explore the evolutionary path of ESG practices from compliance disclosure to value creation. The study adopts a systematic data collection method, based on ESG reports, sustainability reports, annual reports published on corporate official websites and public data from authoritative rating agencies, conducts a cross-year tracking of a number of Chinese Fortune Global 500 enterprises, and converts textual information into structured datasets to support multi-dimensional comparative analysis. The results show that industries present significant differentiation in financial performance, ESG rating coverage, adoption of international disclosure frameworks and achievement rate of core indicators; leading enterprises in some industries have initially institutionalized ESG governance and aligned with international standards, but the overall situation still has common shortcomings such as "high actions with low commitments" and insufficient gender diversity; the number of ESG reports continues to grow, and the disclosure paradigm is integrating towards systematic frameworks, yet there remains a gap between standardization and substantive actions. The research conclusion points out that ESG in China is undergoing a critical transformation from social responsibility response to strategic value creation. Enterprises urgently need to internalize material issue management into core competitiveness, convert compliance costs into unique customer value and sustainable business models, so as to seize the competitive advantage in the next stage.